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Raising Standards of Engineering Ethics through Student Teams

Wei Dong,Hu Cheng,Yuan Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 402-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014047

摘要： Reducing the frequency of engineering accidents is a “people’s responsibility.” Increased attention to engineering ethics is inevitable. Engineering ethics are a stance, attitude or outlook, not easily learned by lectures. This article explores the utility of student teamwork by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and acknowledging the benefits of professional knowledge and professional ethics possessed by the professional teachers, under professional teacher guidance, in order to improve levels of engineering education ethics. There are 5 key points: ① team member recruitment standards; ② team size; ③ team name and motto; ④ team group activities; ⑤ extending the spirit into the post-graduate period.

关键词： engineering ethic professional teachers students’ team engineering management

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面向中国实践的工程管理伦理研究

方东平 ,李文琪 ,张恒力 ,刘合

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.023

摘要：

新时期中国工程实践面临更加尖锐复杂的时代性伦理问题，而当前工程管理伦理水平滞后于工程建设的发展要求，成为阻碍伦理问题有效解决的重要因素，不利于我国工程向好、向善、高质量发展。为此，在理论分析、案例调研和专家研讨的基础上，本文结合工程管理者在我国工程实践中的重要地位，分析了围绕工程师展开的工程伦理在我国实践中的不完全适用性，阐述了转变核心伦理主体、开展工程管理伦理研究的必要趋向，凝练了工程管理伦理微观、中观、宏观3 个层次的内涵，探讨了工程对社会与环境的负面影响及相应伦理问题的成因，呈现了工程演化视角下工程管理伦理问题的动态性与发展性，提出了工程管理者在实践中应遵循的五项基本伦理原则。为推动我国工程管理伦理建设，研究建议，通过工程管理伦理教育培训，培育和激励工程管理者增强伦理意识，积极承担伦理责任，提升道德能力，涵育伦理领导力，发挥伦理智慧；推广与应用工程管理伦理指南，指导工程全生命周期中伦理问题的解决，从而推动社会整体伦理环境的改善。

关键词：工程管理伦理；工程向善；管理伦理指南；伦理领导力；伦理智慧

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工程共同体视角下的工程伦理学研究

王进

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第11期页码 97-102

摘要：

微观工程伦理学着重关注工程师个人的责任伦理和职业伦理，科技进步的日新月异助推工程创造与社会发展间的双螺旋上升更加广泛快捷，同时工程对人类和自然的影响却呈现脱缰之势，从工程共同体的群体视角“全景式”地建构宏观工程伦理学势在必行。这一宏观转向涵盖4 个方面的内容：工程整体与社会的关系，工程师在更广阔社会语境下的职业责任，工程决策在社会政治层面的影响以及工程在为子孙后代提供优质永续环境方面所做的努力。这有助于工程师更好地践行“利用其知识和技能促进人类福利”的伦理准则，并使工程能同时满足人类对“近用”的期待和对“远用”的关怀。

关键词：工程伦理学工程共同体宏观微观

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开展工程伦理学研究增强工程师责任意识

李世新

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第2期页码 88-93

摘要：

工程伦理学是20世纪后期兴起的一门交叉学科。文章首先分析了把技术开发与技术使用分开，从而回避工程师责任的做法，进而剖析了认为工程是科学的应用和工程是实现社会价值的简单工具等观点，指出工程与伦理密切相关，工程师应当增强责任意识。

关键词：工程工程伦理学工程师责任

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The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects

Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 348-352 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014048

摘要： In 2011, water conservation projects construction in China entered a stage of rapid growth. In February 2013 three dam safety accidents occurred due to improper participant subject behaviors. Improving security and risk management of water conservation projects is therefore considered as imminent. It is urgent to research the risks of the participant subject behaviors. This article takes each participating subject in the whole life-cycle of water conservation projects as the research object, analyzes the risk behaviors and risk evolution processes, dissects the cause of the risks of the participating subject behaviors on the basis of the theory of risk effect, and puts forward that reinforcing the penalties, improving criminal cost and strengthening the engineering ethics education is an effective way to solve safety problems of the current projects.

关键词： water conservation projects subject behavior safety accident risk effect engineering ethics

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The unregulated commercialization of stem cell treatments: a global perspective

Douglas Sipp

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 348-355 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0150-x

摘要： Research into the biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells has spurred strong public investment, industry development, media coverage, and patient interest in recent years. To date, however, few clinical applications of demonstrated safety and efficacy have been developed with the exception of uses of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of diseases of the blood and immune systems. This lack of an evidence basis notwithstanding, hundreds of companies and private clinics around the world now sell putative stem cell treatments for an enormously broad range of medical and quality-of-life conditions. This represents a major challenge for legitimate scientists working in the field, for authorities seeking to protect their constituencies, and for patients and consumers targeted by such companies’ marketing strategies. In this review, I provide an overview of the global industry in pseudomedical stem cell treatments, with an investigation of claims in a single disease area (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and make recommendations for the introduction and enforcement of appropriate regulatory responses to this problem.

关键词： stem cell tourism medical ethics stem cell policy and regulation alternative medicine

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我国人工智能伦理监管需求分析及对策研究

刘露,杨晓雷,高文

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 106-112 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.006

摘要：

人工智能（ AI）产业高速发展，伴生了多种社会伦理风险，且相关后果已经逐步显现；让人类在充分安全的条件下享用智能技术带来的有利收益，成为 AI 监管过程的重要任务。本文从 AI 伦理焦点问题着手，对智能技术的机器权利与人权分配、社会信任危机、数据及算法安全性、确权与责任归属等已经出现的风险问题进行细致梳理；总结了国内外 AI 产业的发展路径和政策现状，据此多维度开展我国 AI 领域伦理监管的需求分析。研究认为，应根据 AI 技术进展，分阶段延伸 AI 治理的监管范围；建立伦理、法律、政策相结合的多维度监管框架，提供相对充分的社会言论空间，确保各利益相关方参与 AI 安全公共讨论；有序完善多层级的科技伦理监管组织机构，积极参与 AI 国际规则制定，为我国 AI 产业的全球化发展机遇创造良好条件。

关键词：人工智能治理架构伦理监管伦理委员会

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Discussion of solutions to ethical issues in real-world study

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 316-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0354-y

摘要：

In recent years, the paradigm of real-world study (RWS) has been at the forefront of clinical research worldwide, particularly in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, basic features and nature of real-world clinical studies are discussed, and ethical issues in different stages of RWS are raised and reviewed. Moreover, some preliminary solutions to these issues, such as protecting subjects during the process of RWS and performing ethical review, are presented based on recent practices and basic ethical rules to improve the scientific validity and ethical level of RWS.

关键词： real-world study ethics strategy

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工程与工程管理的哲学思考

何继善,王孟钧

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 9-12

摘要：

当前，我国正处于经济建设快速发展时期，许多重大工程相继建成并投入使用，凸现工程活动的重要地位和工程管理的巨大作用，标志着我国已经进入工程时代。工程时代呼唤工程哲学，工程建设管理活动离不开哲学思想指导，大力开展工程哲学研究既是哲学发展的必然，又是时代的迫切要求。文章在分析工程哲学的形成、发展及主要研究内容的基础上，提出了工程的哲学内涵与本质：物质性、变化性和时空性，进而对工程管理的理念、价值观、方法论、组织与创新等方面的哲学内涵进行了探讨，以促进我国工程管理理论的发展和管理水平的提高。

关键词：工程哲学工程工程管理哲学思考

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Engineering Informatics: State of the Art and Future Trends

Li-da Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 270-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014038

摘要： Engineering informatics is an emerging engineering discipline integrating information technology or informatics with a variety of engineering disciplines. It is an interdisciplinary scientific subject focusing on applying advanced information and communications technology (ICT) to a variety of engineering disciplines. Rapid advances in industrial information integration methods have spurred the growth of new techniques that can be used for probing industrial information integration including engineering informatics. These techniques include business process management (BPM), enterprise architecture (EA), enterprise application integration (EAI), service-oriented architecture (SOA), and others. Practical applications may require a combination of these techniques that have originated from different disciplines. These techniques have the potential to contribute to engineering informatics. For integrating complex engineering systems, both formal methods and systems methods are crucial. In this paper, we briefl review the state of the art of engineering informatics as it interfacing with industrial information integration.

关键词： engineering informatics industrial integration industrial information integration engineering (IIIE) engineering management

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Synergetic Management Theory for Coal-Based Energy Engineering and the Engineering Practice of Shenhua

Wen Ling

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 1-8 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016005

摘要： To deal with problems in synergetic development of coal-based energy engineering, this paper, guided by the philosophy of engineering, proposes the synergetic management philosophy of “factors coordination, systems synergy, dynamic optimization and three-dimension planning.” The paper also establishes the synergetic management system characterized by systems factor synergy, resource-environment synergy and systems boundary extension and supported by the “two-wheel driven” management innovation and technological innovation. In addition, the paper presents a multi-objective dynamic optimization model for energy engineering, designed based on Shenhua’s own engineering practice, to analyze Pareto optimal solution in three scenarios: best resource allocation, minimal environmental impact and maximal value creation. This provides important reference to synergetic development strategies and decision-making in engineering management.

关键词： coal-based energy engineering synergetic management two-wheel driven innovation Shenhua engineering

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Engineering and Philosophy of Engineering

Rui-yu Yin,Bo-cong Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 140-146 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014021

摘要： Philosophy of engineering lays the philosophical foundation of recognition, understanding and management of engineering. Being the kernel of philosophy of engineering, engineering ontology becomes the master key to understanding of engineering. The paper proposes and interprets the principal theses of engineering ontology, which differs from understanding of engineering in separate elements. Engineering ontology believes that engineering is the direct, realistic productivity that runs dynamically and feasibly and creates values. Engineering involves the relationship between human beings and the nature as well as the relationship between human beings and the society, and it has been a basic motive force and a basic way of promoting the social development, so that engineering gains the ontological status and fundamental value in social existence and social development. From the historical point of view, the engineering appears before the emergence of technology and science. Engineering has its own basis for existence, its own structure and its own laws for movement and evolution. Engineering should not be simply regarded as the ramification and derivative from science or technology. Engineering ontology is the theoretical basis of the triism of “science, technology, and engineering”. To understand and handle the mutual relationship among engineering, technology and science, by the evaluation criteria of engineering as the direct productivity, the process and effect of engineering-centered selection, integration and construction must be emphasized and the characteristic and mechanism of selection, integration and construction must be paid high attention. Under no circumstance may the engineering be deemed as an unchanged matter, which is constantly evolving and developing, so the studies on engineering ontology are closely and internally related with the theory of engineering evolution.

关键词： engineering philosophy of engineering engineering ontology productivity engineering value

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Yesterday, Today and Future of the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge

Hiral Shah,Walter Nowocin

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 60-63 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015009

摘要： Young engineers are often promoted to leadership roles such as a team leader or a manager within 3 to 6 years of graduating from an undergraduate degree in a technical area. To be competent and successful in their leadership role engineers need to update their engineering management knowledge and learn new skills. The purpose of engineering management body of knowledge (EMBOK) is to delineate the knowledge, skills, and competency areas that are applicable to the engineering management discipline. It basically answers the question, “What does it take to be an effective engineering manager?” The EMBOK is based on a validated study and can be used for curriculum development, certification exams, and professional development programs. This paper describes the 11 domains that are included in the EMBOK and discuss the future publication of the EMBOK Guide. American Society for Engineering Management (ASEM) offers two certification exams based on the EMBOK, Associate Engineering Manager (AEM) and Professional Engineering Manager (PEM).These certification exams can help an individual in the engineering management profession to show that they have kept up in the field and possess the necessary skills and competency to practice in the discipline. A detailed description of this certification program is included in this paper. The future of EMBOK and the certification program is also discussed.

关键词： body of knowledge engineering management certification exam engineering manager competency areas